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Electric Pulse Delivery
Electric pulse delivery, also known as electroporation, is a technique used to introduce foreign molecules, such as DNA, RNA, or proteins, into cells by applying an electric field. This electric field transiently increases the permeability of the cell membrane, creating temporary pores through which the molecules can enter the cell. Electric pulse delivery is widely…
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Cultured Cells
Cultured cells refer to cells that are grown and maintained under controlled conditions outside of their original organism or natural environment. Cell culture is a crucial technique in biological research, allowing scientists to study the behavior, function, and response of cells under different conditions, as well as develop therapies and perform drug testing. There are…
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Gene Transfer Types
Gene transfer refers to the process of introducing foreign genetic material into an organism or a cell. Various gene transfer techniques have been developed, and they can be broadly classified into two categories: horizontal gene transfer and vertical gene transfer. In addition to these natural gene transfer processes, several artificial methods have been developed to…
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DNA Electrophoresis
DNA electrophoresis is a widely used laboratory technique that allows for the separation and analysis of DNA fragments based on their size. The method utilizes an electric field to drive negatively charged DNA molecules through a porous gel matrix, typically made of agarose or polyacrylamide. As the DNA fragments migrate through the gel, smaller fragments…
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Intratumoral Plasmid Electroporation
Intratumoral plasmid electroporation is a method used to deliver plasmid DNA directly into tumor cells within a tumor mass. This technique combines two approaches: intratumoral injection and electroporation. The goal is to facilitate gene transfer into cancer cells to modulate tumor growth, induce apoptosis, or stimulate the immune system to target the tumor. The process…
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Protein Electroporation Buffer
Electroporation is a technique used to introduce foreign DNA or other molecules into cells by applying an electric field. This method increases the permeability of the cell membrane, allowing the molecules to enter the cell more efficiently. Electroporation buffers are solutions that facilitate the electroporation process by providing the appropriate environment for both the cells…
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Anti-inflammatory Cytokines
Anti-inflammatory cytokines are a group of signaling molecules that play a crucial role in regulating inflammation and immune responses in the body. These cytokines help to balance the pro-inflammatory cytokines that promote inflammation and tissue damage. They are essential for maintaining homeostasis and preventing excessive inflammation, which can lead to chronic diseases and tissue damage.…
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Interleukin-10 Levels
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, which is a small protein involved in cell signaling. It plays a crucial role in regulating the immune response by suppressing inflammation and limiting tissue damage during infection or injury. IL-10 has multiple effects on various immune cells, including the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines production and the promotion of…
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Electroporation Protocols
Electroporation is a technique used to introduce exogenous molecules, such as DNA, RNA, or proteins, into cells by applying an electric field to create temporary pores in the cell membrane. The specific electroporation protocol will depend on the cell type, the molecule to be introduced, and the equipment used. However, some general steps and guidelines…
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Therapeutic Proteins
Therapeutic proteins are biologically-derived molecules, such as enzymes, antibodies, cytokines, or hormones, that are used to treat various diseases and conditions. These proteins can be isolated from natural sources or produced using recombinant DNA technology, where the gene encoding the protein of interest is inserted into a host organism, such as bacteria, yeast, or mammalian…