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Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance found within cells that occupies the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus. It is composed of water, salts, ions, proteins, and various other organic molecules. The cytoplasm serves as the medium in which cellular organelles are suspended and where numerous biochemical reactions and cellular processes occur. The…
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Electroporation MOA
Electroporation is a technique that uses an electric field to temporarily increase the permeability of cell membranes, allowing the introduction of foreign molecules into the cell. The mechanism of action (MOA) for electroporation can be summarized in the following steps: Electroporation is widely used in biological research and has potential applications in gene therapy, drug…
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Nonviral Gene Therapy
Nonviral gene therapy refers to the use of nonviral methods to deliver genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, into a patient’s cells to treat or prevent diseases. These methods can offer several advantages over viral-based gene therapy, including reduced immunogenicity, a lower risk of insertional mutagenesis, and the ability to carry larger therapeutic genes.…
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Reversible Permeability Occurs
Reversible permeability, often associated with electroporation, occurs when the cell membrane temporarily becomes permeable due to the application of an external stimulus, such as an electric field. In electroporation, an electric pulse is applied to cells or tissues, causing the formation of transient pores in the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. This increased permeability…
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Electroporation Pulse
An electroporation pulse is a brief electrical pulse applied to a cell suspension or tissue to facilitate the introduction of foreign molecules, such as DNA, RNA, or proteins, into the cells. The electric field generated by the pulse creates temporary pores in the cell membrane, allowing the molecules to enter the cell. This process is…
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Cell Cytotoxicity
Cell cytotoxicity refers to the toxic effects of a substance, treatment, or environmental condition on cells, leading to cell damage or death. In biological research and drug development, assessing cytotoxicity is crucial for determining the safety, efficacy, and potential side effects of various compounds, drugs, or therapies. Cytotoxicity can result from various mechanisms, including: To…
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Cell Electropermeability
Cell electropermeabilization, also known as electroporation, is a technique that uses an electric field to increase the permeability of cell membranes temporarily. The applied electric field causes the formation of transient pores in the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, allowing the passage of otherwise impermeable molecules, such as DNA, RNA, or proteins, into the…
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DNA Gene Therapy
DNA gene therapy is a therapeutic approach that involves introducing, modifying, or repairing genetic material within a patient’s cells to treat or prevent disease. This method has the potential to address a wide range of genetic disorders, as well as certain viral infections and some types of cancer. DNA gene therapy can involve several different…
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Gene Transfer
Gene transfer refers to the process of introducing foreign genetic material (DNA or RNA) into an organism or a cell. This technique is widely used in biological research and has various applications in gene therapy, agriculture, and biotechnology. Gene transfer can occur naturally or be facilitated by artificial methods. Natural gene transfer mechanisms include: Artificial…
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Reversible Cell Electroporation
Reversible cell electroporation is a technique where an electric field is applied to cells to temporarily increase the permeability of their membranes, allowing the introduction of foreign molecules such as DNA, RNA, or proteins into the cells. The term “reversible” refers to the fact that the changes to the cell membrane are transient, and the…