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RISC complex
The RISC complex, or RNA-induced silencing complex, is a multi-protein complex that plays a crucial role in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. RISC is responsible for gene silencing through the degradation of target messenger RNA (mRNA) or the inhibition of its translation. This process is mediated by small RNA molecules, such as small interfering RNA…
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Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance that fills the interior of a cell, found between the cell membrane and the nuclear envelope in eukaryotic cells. It is composed mainly of water, salts, ions, and a variety of organic molecules, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. The cytoplasm is essential for maintaining cell structure and…
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Gene Silencing In Cells
Gene silencing is the process by which the expression of a specific gene is reduced or completely inhibited. This can occur through a variety of mechanisms, both naturally and artificially induced. Gene silencing is crucial for regulating gene expression, controlling cellular functions, and maintaining genome stability. In research, gene silencing is used to study gene…
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RNA Interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural cellular process in which small RNA molecules, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA), regulate gene expression by specifically targeting and silencing specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. RNAi is highly conserved across many eukaryotic organisms and plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including development, immune…
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Plasmid DNA Electroporation Buffer
Plasmid DNA electroporation buffer is a specialized solution used to enhance the efficiency of electroporation, a method of introducing plasmid DNA into cells. Electroporation involves the application of an electric field to cells suspended in an electroporation buffer, which temporarily permeabilizes the cell membrane, allowing for the uptake of plasmid DNA. The electroporation buffer is…
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In Vitro And In Vivo
“In vitro” and “in vivo” are two common terms used in biological research to describe experiments conducted in different settings. Both approaches are essential for understanding biological processes and developing new treatments, but they have distinct characteristics and limitations. In vitro: “In vitro” is Latin for “in glass,” and it refers to experiments conducted outside…
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siRNA Electroporation
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) electroporation is a method that combines the use of siRNA molecules with electroporation to achieve targeted gene silencing in cells. siRNAs are short, double-stranded RNA molecules that can specifically bind to and degrade complementary mRNA molecules, thus inhibiting gene expression. Electroporation is a technique that applies an electric field to cells,…
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Molecular Biology
Molecular biology is a branch of biology that focuses on the study of biomolecules, particularly nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and proteins, and their roles in the cellular processes that occur within living organisms. This field investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying various biological phenomena, including gene expression, replication, transcription, translation, and regulation of cellular functions.…
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Electroporation Gene Therapy
Electroporation-based gene therapy is a method of delivering therapeutic genes into cells by applying an electric field, which temporarily permeabilizes the cell membrane and allows the uptake of genetic material. This technique has emerged as a promising approach to treat various genetic disorders, cancers, and other diseases by repairing, replacing, or silencing malfunctioning genes. There…
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Electric Pulses
Electric pulses, also known as electroporation, is a technique used in molecular biology, biotechnology, and medicine to introduce foreign substances, such as DNA, RNA, or drugs, into cells. The method involves applying a brief, high-voltage electric field to cells suspended in a conductive solution. This electric field creates transient pores in the cell membrane, allowing…